[ad_1] Air samples collected on clean days were often more toxic to lung cells than those collected on polluted days thanks to MCFPs, whose sources include vehicular emissions. | Photo Credit: Previn Samuel/Unsplash Governments and scientists often judge air quality by the amount of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in it. These particles can enter deep into the lungs and bloodstream

[ad_1] John Clarke (University of California, Berkeley), Michel H. Devoret (Yale University, Connecticut and University of California, Santa Barbara), and John M. Martinis (University of California, Santa Barbara) have shared the 2025 Nobel Prize in physics. The prize recognises their contributions to experimentally demonstrating the manifestation of quantum effects in macroscopic systems, confirming our faith that quantum theory works at

[ad_1] A wafer of quantum computers. Representative image. | Photo Credit: Steve Jurvetson Randomness is essential today. From encrypting sensitive information to simulating biological systems, unpredictable numbers are indispensable. Yet most everyday random numbers aren’t truly random. Conventional computers use algorithms called pseudorandom number generators to produce sequences that look random but are ultimately predictable if the starting ‘seed’ is